Idk about the US but here you can be fined if you cause noise. Like maxing out the subwoofer on a parking lot next to residential areas, being a nuisance. As much as I agree with you, I still found loud exhaust/engine noise worse, just because there's much more of it.
Yeah, there are noise ordinances in theory, but those are never enforced and if you live in a questionable neighborhood, the penalty for calling the cops to enforce them is way steeper than just dealing with the insufferable noise. I hate feeling bass shake my whole house at 2am, but if I have to choose I guess I pick that over being shot.
Yeah there is definitely more of it, but somehow its less disturbing to me. Its at least usually constant whereas bass is like pulsating. The odd Harley Davidson motorcycle can be extremely annoying though, the exhaust on those is designed to be extra loud, which I would say is worse than bass.
All of the above should be fined, however, its basically unheard of to get in trouble for blasting your speakers or having loud exhaust, at least where I live.