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I mean I feel like 90% of that would require inventing a way to achieve trans oceanic shipping without the use of fossil fuels, and the answers to that have basically been ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
I think they did that in the time of Columbus
Yeah just build a wooden frigate that can handle 100 megatons of containers, simple.
I've seen legitimate proposals for basically just raising tower sails on a cargo vessel, and I always am flabbergasted that these people never seem to consider that super tall sails can cause the boat to capsize.
Torque increases the further you get from the center of rotation, and windspeeds pick up damn quick when you start building upwards.
If you wanted to protect the ship from a capsize you'd need to make it into something like a Polynesian style double hull to act as a buoyant force against the wind trying to push the boat over, and voila, now you've made a bunch of major canals unnavigable to your ship.
I mean I could see there might be clever optimizations, ways to handle wind power or even some kind of tidal/wave harnessing. But it definitely won't be the way Columbus did it.
I honestly don't think we need to settle on trans oceanic shipping as a hard requirement.
Also, in terms of transportation-based emissions, personal vehicle usage accounted for 58% of the total emissions in the US in 2019. This number doesn't need to exist. The fossil fuel industry has structured cities the way they are and lobbied against efficient transportation in order to make themselves more money.
Like even if we're accepting trans oceanic freight as a given, which I don't think we should on the scale we do now, emissions could be drastically reduced mostly by better planning of transportation.
58% of a total that doesn't include the emissions outsourced to manufacturing companies in the third world.