This analogy doesn't really stand. The reason we haven't run out of oil and gas as predicted since the '70s because this panic drove energy prices up. The price rise allowed companies to figure our how to dig further, or find other ways to extract valuable resources. The price increase also forced other companies to figure out how these resources could be used more efficiently.
We don't have infinite resources, but we are really creative on how to find alternatives to solve a problem.
I'm sorry but your example shows that we don't solve shit. We search for new ways to get even more of the limited resources. We don't search for solutions, but for ways to keep making easy money. We as in the most powerfull companies.
How does "companies finding better ways to use said resouces more efficiently" not address your problem?
Diesel (with all it's flaws) was a reaction to use oil more efficiently. Hibrid cars were a reaction to pollute less. Electric cars the same. I'm pretty sure atomic cars will be a thing in my lifetime.
All these are attempts to use scarce resources more efficiently. Whichever solves the issue the best will be adopted by everyone.
Efficiency is good, but as long as things don't have 100% efficiency (which is impossible for everything besides heaters) it is still a question of limited resources.
Cars of any kind are not sustainable for every person to own and use, no matter what kind of energy source is used. This applies to a lot of areas. The wrong things get deliberately called the problem, so when companies fix these problems people are happy to buy the new products. But the new products are still part of the real problem. Don't defend companies
The real problem is pride and greed. The wish for unlimited gains in an limited universe. But to be less abstract and more specific, it depends on the topic. I described a template, not a specific problem. Not every problem is easy to spot, but in transportation for example it is personal transportation via cars.
A more fitting analogy would be if right now all the LEGO factories would stop producing, and you start building the largest LEGO building imaginable from scratch. You might be able to get all the pieces together at one point, but the Sun would explode first. (added for dramatic effect)
The difficulity is getting the pieces from all the places in the world. Even from under the sea.