How do YOU create your Docker images?

Currently I’m planning to dockerize some web applications but I didn’t find a reasonably easy way do create the images to be hosted in my repository so I can pull them on my server.

What I currently have is:

1. A local computer with a directory where the application that I want to dockerize is located
2. A “docker server” running Portainer without shell/ssh access
3. A place where I can upload/host the Docker images and where I can pull the images from on the “Docker server”
4. Basic knowledge on how to write the needed Dockerfile

What I now need is a sane way to build the images WITHOUT setting up a fully featured Docker environment on the local computer.

Ideally something where I can build the images and upload them but without that something “littering Docker-related files all over my system”.

Something like a VM that resets on every start maybe? So … build the image, upload to repository, close the terminal window, and forget that anything ever happened.

What is YOUR solution to create and upload Docker images in a clean and sane way?