What are some preparations you think people should know about in advance of migrating to Linux?
What are some preparations you think people should know about in advance of migrating to Linux?
For example, I saw a post the other day detailing how to set up a Brother laser printer on Kinoite. That's not something I would have initially considered a potential problem to be solved. Another I ran into some years ago had to do with an Edimax WiFi dongle that used some weirdly specific Realtek 8812 radio, for which you had to set up the driver via dkms. A little prep and knowledge in advance would have saved days of searching online.
I've started a personal to-do list of things to research and make sure I have all my ducks in a row before I make the full-time switch on my main desktop, so besides the usual "back up your files" advice, I'm hoping y'all can point out some QoL things I and others may often miss!
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So, I had an experience recently that has changed how I think about this topic.
A few years ago, I gave my dad a laptop that I wasn't using anymore. It wasn't that old; I'd just gotten a newer one. I do not have Windows; never have, never will, so the laptop had Arch (probably) on it, which was going to be too much for dad, so I wiped it and put Linux Mint on it.
I got the occasional call from dad; he got a new (to him, probably used) printer and didn't know how to set it up, but mostly he just used it and didn't seen to have any problem with it.
OK, so about a month ago, he calls and says he broke the laptop and the keyboard didn't work; a while back, with help from a church friend, he'd replaced the battery, but had missed a screw, had hot-glued something and gotten glue in one of the USB ports... I didn't even want to know what all he'd done, but dad's from a jerry-rig generation. Anyway, he'd missed a screw or something, and something was rattling around on there and one day the keyboard stopped responding.
So dad goes out and buys a refurbished laptop, and calls me and asks what he needs to do to migrate over. The laptop came with a fresh Windows install - 10, or 11; I don't know. So I tell him, I can help him get any data off the old computer, but he needs to decide whether he wants to switch to Windows; now's his chance.
Dad's 80. He barely grasps computer concepts - hardware, he'll mess around with, but software... for example, that version of Mint uses the same background for the session manager as the desktop, by default, and so he thinks they're the same thing - it's just sometimes it makes him log in. So given a choice to go Windows, he says he wants to stay with Linux because that's what he's familiar with. I'd like to point it here that he often forgets the name "Linux"; he just knows it isn't Windows.
Deep breath - we're a 4-hour flight apart - we get a USB keyboard hooked up to the old laptop, he orders a USB stick from Amazon, and we download the latest Mint iso; the next day when the USB stick arrives I walk him through burning the image; booting the new laptop into the BIOS; changing the boot order; and eventually, booting into the Linux Mint install image. We get connected to the WiFi no problem, open the installer from the desktop icon, and then have some debate about dual boot. He says he's probably never going to use Windows, and dual boot makes things a little more iffy, so he picks the easy route and just wipes the drive and installs Mint.
The install process goes smoothly; he asked the occasional question about, e.g. the keyboard layout question, but mostly we chat while he watches the progress bar. We're doing this over the phone, no video conference, so I'm mostly just listening to him describe what he's doing and answering questions like, "it's asking me for a name for the computer - what should i put in?" That's done, we reboot, change the BIOS setting back (could have just left that one), reboot again with the USB stick out - and he's back in Mint.
I send him some instructions over email about setting up a Firefox sync account, getting prepped for a Wireguard install (because, if I'm doing family tech support, I wasn't to be able to remote log in over VPN), that sort of stuff. Things he can do download or manage without me, to prep for the next stage.
OK, some weeks go by without me hearing from him, and he calls yesterday for help with "completing the migration." And here's where I start to change my view on this. I find that he's followed the instructions for Sync and that all his browser stuff successfully came over. That's 90% of what he's wants. I start what I think it's the final configuration steps: setting up the printer, and he says, we don't need to, it's been working since we did the install. He must have configured it himself at some point. We unzip his old
/home, I show him the software manager and how he can find and install stuff, we get Zoom installed and make sure the webcam, mic, and speakers work... and I decide to not fuss with getting a VPN into his laptop because everything is just working.My 80 y/o dad bought some random-ass refurbished laptop, and aside from helping him burn the iso and get the new laptop to boot from it... I did nothing. I mean, I provided some guidance for his username, the laptop name, setting the time zone during install; but aside from the iso burning and some trouble we had even getting to the BIOS and then figuring out the right boot sequence, he could have done this all himself. All of the hardware worked; he either added the printer himself and forgot, or Mint did it for him. I was certain we'd have trouble with the WiFi chip (may you be sent to the hell of being boiled alive, Broadcom), or the printer, or... something. But no. It all Just Workedβ’.
Seriously. Except that the BIOS boot order makes things extremely challenging for newbies, and burning boot images onto a USB stick isn't trivial (in retrospect, I should have just told him to buy an install stick from Mint; sorry, Mint), Linux has just worked. For a guy who isn't clear on the difference between Firefox and the OS.
I think it was the WiFi chip and the printer that caused my mental shift; these have been the traditional pain points. Maybe we got lucky. But I think the real reason is that some Linux distros have just gotten really good for novices.
There have been major strides to make first time setups stupid-proof in a lot of distros, to the point that I think we're seeing the beginnings of a demographic shift.
And like in your dad's case, sometimes browsing the internet, getting on Zoom, and printing some files are all people really want.
Yeah, especially boomers, which is what my dad is. My generation will be a little more demanding; millenials are the first "computer" generation, who grew up with them. Gen Z had computers since they were infants. That's going to be interesting.
In the future you could have him make an image of the old device and move it over. That would allow him to keep all data and configurations.
Yes, but:
- he never upgrades anything. He's not computer savvy; that computer hasn't been updated in years. IME, the longer the time between upgrades, the more chance of breakage. This way, he got an up-to-date install.
- the drive sizes are different, and I wasn't about to try to walk him through resizing a partition and filesystem over the phone
- there was very little he needed to keep from the old computer. He didn't install software; it's a web browser terminal
- it wouldn't have helped the biggest problem we had, which was getting into a BIOS I didn't know and couldn't see, and changing it to boot from the USB stick. We'd have had to do that to do an image replication either way
He needs to be installing security patches. You can setup automatic upgrades in software updater.
In Mint? That's good to know, thanks. As long as it's fairly reliable; I don't want to be trying to remotely debug a computer that won't boot because of a middle-of-the-night update.
I haven't had an issue but obviously it isn't impossible. Ideally we should have automatic role back after failure but that is not something that is widely supported.