Android isn't at fault here. Get a non-Google version of Android and a phone runs faster, with significantly less battery consumption.
Google services really screw the pooch, as they say. Lineage/DivestOS and Graphene are lightning fast on my 2018 flagship. I get a day out of it now, (with it's old battery) , when it was new I got half a day...at best. Google Services consume upward of 8% per hour, depending on installed apps.
I'm talking about the fact that if you need to rely on physical switches, your security is already compromised. Correct me if I am wrong but the AOSP forks are still using binary blobs for the modem, which means even if you're running those forks, you still cannot reasonably trust the software.
It's all a result of Android being a monolithic OS. I'd bet when Google bought Android (around 2000, it was still fresh), this was a "kkown issue" and Google decided they just needed to get it out there, rather than develop a standard hardware interface layer.
I'm sure they also considered the advantage to them (and vendors) in being able to force dependence on those drivers.
you want a kilswitch on a camera you go for a slideable plastic covering, like most laptops have, because you can't hack "being able to look through solid objects" into a phone camera
why would this just be an electronic disconnect. Love to bee concerned enough about privacy to not trust google, but I do trust random kickstarter that they wire their phones up properly and also that it gets to me with no intervention