Why don't schools simulate a typical 9 to 5 work week for students and remove homework entirely?
I know this is typical for the US so this is more for US people to respond to. I wouldn't say that it is the best system for work, just wondering about the disconnect.
Because most young people require more instruction than simply hearing the lesson taught once and never actually applying the knowledge to the assigned homework. Repetition is what creates neural pathways, and eliminating homework would be disastrous for any school board. But yeah, the day itself should probably reflect times people are generally expected to be working. It would condition students to expect those kinds of working hours as they get older, and it would help families synchronize their schedules.
If you just sit a kid down with a textbook and a notebook to do math problems, they don't have any feedback whether what they're doing is correct. So in that capacity, I can see why it wouldn't be a great use of time. However, if there is an actual guided methodology to homework, I think you'll find that students reviewing lessons taught to them will perform far better than students who do not. What society needs to reconcile is why we send kids to school in the first place. Is it to learn? Or is it because adults HAVE to be at work and we need some kind of babysitter? It seems like the latter in North America.