I'm connected via a 4G modem. Got this setup about 3 years ago. In the beginning it was enough to look for the public IP (what's my IP). The modem showed some sort of private ip in the ui. I'm running stuff at home (Homeassistant, Gitea,) and bought a domain and pointed it to my home IP via Cloudflare. After some time I've noticed my modem shows the public IP also internally. For about 2 years now it ran flawlessly, the IP changed from time to time, but not really more than once in several weeks.
For about a week all stopped working and the modem shows IP 100.xxxx and outside 85.something
I guess I'm behind NAT now.
Normal port forwarding on the modem is useless now.
Is it possible to open the ports via UPNP? I've tried via miniupnp from my Ubuntu server, but it just throws an error.
I use a VPN that I setup on an Oracle free tier VPS when I need to access my stuff over IPv4. I also have IPv6, so I can connect directly when using 5G on my phone.
I believe on the free ARM instances you get 1Gbps per core (I've achieved over 2Gbps on my 4-core instance, which was probably limited by the other side of the connections). What you say may be correct for the AMD instances though.