One thing I never thought about is how the longer a scientist is out of work (due to war, political instability, etc) the more likely it is that they’ll be lost to science (in other words, the less likely they are to return to scientific work when they can). That could potentially be like a chilling effect on steroids.
@will_a113 and let us also remember the fact that scientists, in contexts of social degradation or conflict and occupation, may be forced to be co-opted by crime, terrorism or occupying forces