You don’t need to get rid of private property to undo a lot of the damage done by landlords. You can build subsidized housing to compete. You can write tax codes to make it unprofitable for people to own more than one house. You can tax land by area instead of by built value to encourage building high-density housing.
There are a lot of levers that other countries have been willing to pull that partially counteract the damage of landlording, but the US has been reluctant to touch.
I especially like the "lever" analogy, most people tend to think in absolutes and dichotomies, instead of realizing that an equation can have many variables with many coefficients.
In the USA that's a complicated topic. If you look at how it played out in England and France, yes. Slave owners were compensated for their "losses" after heated debates in parliaments