As long as they don't fuckup the charging speed, I doubt it would make a major difference. The number of people/occasions you need to use a physical cable to transfer data is much smaller now than in the past.
Oh they will fuck it. No doubt. Especially since charging wattage is controlled by software. Dell already does this thing with their laptops as 100W charging voltage over USB C is only available through Dell chargers
There isn't necessarily a USB standard to compare with to that end, as type C supports a wide range of standards. Compared to lightning, both iPhone 14 and 15 seem to offer up to 20W charging with the wall adapter sold separately. So again, no improvement where it could most likely be provided easily (e.g. like any other phone manufacturer has), but charging rate isn't solely determined by the port/cable in the same way as data, there's ample room for Apple to argue that the charging is slower on the base model for some other reason related to production cost vs. Pro
Nothing to do with the cable, the port on the device is a USB-C port that is limited to USB2.0 speeds. Whereas the iPhone Pro has one that can do USB3.0 speeds. This seems to have been recently verified by the tech specs on Apple website btw