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I usually start with "How much time do you have and do you really wanna know all the context?"
"Do you really want to know? Or would you prefer the lies-to-children version?"
I would actually love to find a nice big list of examples of this. Mostly because I want to know about stuff I've taken as truth
The way people learn about atoms is basically a series of nested "this isn't exactly correct but understanding it like this helps you comprehend whatever we're learning", because electrons are so crazy that we had to expand our definitions of basic principles further and further to explain the fucked up shit they do.
Classical physics is another one. It's appropriate for everything you possibly fathom, but increasingly, modern technologies require some additional compensation for time and space dilation.
Wait what? I actually want the "okay, so" on this.
It's been a while since I took Modern physics, so take my yammerings with a grain of salt. You want to know more about the atomic model or relative physics?
I know it's not exactly what you're looking for, but if you didn't know about it already, it's not a bad place to start: List of common misconceptions