Maine de Biran and the Dynamism of Habit. The History of French Vitalism

I would like to preface this paper with a quote by Xavier Bichat (1771-1802) that is in a direct relation to Biran’s philosophy. In On Life & Death, Bichat writes: “[L]ife consists in the sum of the functions, by which death is resisted. The measure, then, of life, is the difference which exists bet...