There was a redux some time ago which was basically one person being a debatebro in order to avoid having to admit outdoor cats are bad for the environment (biodiversity, local fauna, extinctions of smaller animals, etc)
His argument was that it was better for cats to be outside and they don't hurt the places where they are native (the Arabian peninsula some thousands years ago) so they should be allowed to be outside there and also everywhere else because theres no issue with them being outside. Pointing out the issues with them being outside would make him revert to "not where they are native" (they are native to nowhere after millenia of domestication. It'd be like saying pugs have a native environment. The closest thing is the northern part of the Arabian peninsula) and "but it's mean to keep cats inside" which isn't really related to the discussion when what he was trying to argue was that cats weren't harmful to the environment.
Here in the UK outdoor cats are probably the massive majority. The only threat to cats outdoors are the roads and most cats are generally smart enough to stay away from them actually apparently 230,000 are hit per year that is a lot more than I expected.
I went to England once (not just London but mainly London lol), it was nice. My cab driver was fascinated by wolves and bears. I never felt more like I was some wild woman from beyond the edges of civilization, I swear they just hang out in the woods. Sometimes you see black bears or cougars or coyotes in town but it's not like I'm out there dodging deer and moose in morning traffic.