The question came from Claude Shannon, inventor of ‘Information Theory’ in 1948. The theory uses mathematics to understand the rules governing the transmission of messages through communication systems, applicable to everything from computer code, speech and music, to the dancing of bees.
Let's just say "many!" The game is also proven Turing-complete so you can build a general-purpose computer within it, if you like.
My quick description of MtG to interested non-players: "One of the original CCGs, created by a math professor, like chess but you build your army from a pool of tens of thousands of pieces which is then randomized. Richard Garfield somehow patented turning cards sideways. 😅"