But at least the ships need a non-renewable source. And they are going to need some of it in every country they visit. How do we get oil to every country if not by ship? That's a lot of pipelines if we go that route. But maybe that is the answer.
But at least the ships need a non-renewable source.
Why would they? Seems like a solveable problem to me, most likely via green H2, but also with big ass batteries (most likely for shorter ranges at first).
We have to reach net 0 come what may, so there will have to be clean power in any port they visit at some point.
Ships can register any nation as their flag state, so they often choose flags of convenience based on whoever has the lowest fees or regulations -- or more insidiously, whoever has the least ability to hold companies accountable.
This is why so many shipping companies register in Liberia, Panama, and the Marshall Islands. Also Mongolia, which is landlocked.
So unless we want to fill the oceans and ports with ships that have nuclear reactors with no regulation, no safety measures, and no accountability, we're gonna have to fix the last hundred years of international maritime law.
The big thing is that ports need to learn how to handle and refuel nuclear material. It's all possible, but not a small task. The ports won't want to do it until there are ships that need it, and the ships won't want to do it until there are ports that can handle it.
You say that, but modern sail concepts are a thing and are already in place as hybrid shipping solutions. Boats require a LOT of energy to do their thing, so any savings translates to big numbers.
Yes, I'm only bothered by the notion that we should ask sailors to start faffing with sails again. It was harder and more dangerous. It's a good addition, but relying on it seems not worth it when we've gotten past it.
I've personally raised sails at sea, it's not that hard. But going up into the mast, especially when the weather starts getting serious, is not something sailors should have to do again if they they don't have to. It's practically more suitable as an extreme sport. Human lives were just worth less back then.
But having them as efficiency assists, maybe even just sailing with the engine as a backup, that would be great.
The sails used by large ships now are rigid. They are angled by motors, they are depowered by being stalled
These ships can use wind to push them forward or rearward, accelerate or brake. They don't need additional crew, they don't need any specially trained crew