One likely reason the West failed to spot how it was being leapfrogged by Chinese industry could simply be good old-fashioned ingrained cultural prejudice
Pretty sure that must western countries are still convinced that Chinese industry only excels at copying.
As far as semi conductor research goes the Chinese industry lags only 2 years behind. A few years ago the gap was about 8 years.
It will never cease to amaze me how people keep acting shocked that a country of 1.4 billion people is able to do the same things people in the west can do.