List of Alternatives to Adobe Programs
List of Alternatives to Adobe Programs
Courtesy to Twitter user XdanielArt (date of publication: 8 June 2024)
List of Alternatives to Adobe Programs
Courtesy to Twitter user XdanielArt (date of publication: 8 June 2024)
The wave of GenP refugees today appreciate this post.
Affinity Designer 2 might be the only one close to what Adobr Illustrator can handle.
Honestly, GIMP is not a good alternative to Photoshop. I know, "it's free" is enough for many people, but it ... just isn't.
With GIMP 3.0 it's a bit better at least, they've finally added non-destructive editing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfaq-Cm1ZkA
Full changelog here:
https://www.gimp.org/release-notes/gimp-3.0.html
I'd dare say that unless you've already learnt Photoshop (and have to unlearn it) then Darktable+GIMP works fine for home photo editing.
If you're used to Photoshop and your skills with it is what puts bread on the table... then I completely understand not switching tools.
And UI usability.
I assume you are right. So then I ask myself, for my own occasional use, would a standalone version of Photoshop from 2015 cover my needs?
Yeah, I think it would!
I was always a much heavier user of Lightroom than Photoshop anyway. I still need to choose between the FOSS options there.
The same with Lightroom sadly. The open source alternatives are either too buggy or have UX designed by very "opinionated" people, making them painful and frustrating to use. I currently want to get rid of Lightroom but can't.
Give Darktable a go. I switched from LR to DT a year ago and im never going back.
I use krita way more than gimp
Krita is also more of a Paint.NET than a Photoshop replacement.
I love love love GIMP!!!
But yeah it's not a PS alternative, and tbh that's not really what it's supposed to be or what its developers want out of it. it's different
My go-to PS app:
All online, same controls, hell, same icons. I'm a little stunned that Adobe hasn't sued them into oblivion.
You can pay to drop the ads, but I'm not really seeing much end user benefit otherwise. Not seeing ads ATM, maybe I blocked 'em.
Always with the GIMP hate. You make a better free alternative then.
If all you care about is the price its great but the UI is trash.
It's not on the end user to make a UI that isn't total ass.
For PDF "your browser" should be the default recommendation. Firefox allows to add text and images now. Gimp can also be used to edit PDF.
Browser is nice. On Linux though, Okular is superb (except for its occasional problems with forms).
Yeah the PDF category is weird / lacking. LibreOffice Draw and Inkscape can both edit PDFs and are missing as well. Xodo looks like some mobile app only or SaaS product.
Edit: Xodo does have a free desktop PDF reader but seems like they're certainly focused on selling their subscription based PDF editor
Isn't it dangerous now that PDFs can run javascript? (Who had that idiotic idea, anyway?)
Xodo and Xchange are both feature rich, lightweight, and easy to use programs. Browser view is fine for a peek but quickly feels clunky.
Another great alternative to Acrobat (Reader) is Okular; it's free, open source and runs on Linux, Windows and macOS.
It's been my go-to PDF reader since switching to Linux, since it already came pre-installed with Manjaro KDE.
i mean eveb masterpdf editor paid would help to not support adobe. this list should not be an image but a wiki. bitwig i also expected to see.
Davinci Resolve has to be one of the most jam packed free software packages available… seriously, it absolutely trounces Premiere at evvvverything
the model of free for everything except if features you’d want for producing a professional movie, and financed by hardware sales - that you don’t need unless you’re a professional - is absolutely incredible for home users
It doesn't trounce PPro, they're about equal IME. I've used both and it's the price that makes it beat PPro. And you get the full version for free when you buy a Blackmagic camera.
personally, my reasoning for saying it trounces it is the integration of all the tools: no switching to after effects etc
but beyond that, ppro colour correction is just soooooo far behind
granted i haven’t really used it much, so i might not have “got” its workflow - it took a while for resolves to click - but it just seems so disjointed and clunky to do anything beyond cutting together a basic video
What the actual fuck is adobe acrobat? A pdf editor with subscription model payment? Firefox, the browser, can edit pdf files. It's 2025.
Firefox can do basic annotating, adding text and adding pictures but it can't make a new PDF from scratch.
You may be confusing Adobe Acrobat Reader with Adobe Acrobat? Full Acrobat is the proprietary tool to make a PDF file from scratch including some of the more complex functions.
PDF is an open standard and has been for a while, so there are now plenty of alternatives for most of the functions. LibreOffice Draw and Inkscape can do a lot of PDF creation functions but not all. There are also "print to PDF" options to create basic PDF documents too.
However some of the more niche functions are not widely supported or well supported; and there isn't really any opensource dedicated PDF maker that I'm aware of. Layout tools are abundant but I think it's things like building forms and document signing that is less easily replicated. There is Master PDF - a fully functional PDF maker which is proprietary and available for Linux; it $80 for a perpetual license. I'm not aware of any other alternatives myself.
In AEC work we’ve moved almost exclusively to a competing PDF tool called Blubeam, which is proprietary but very worth the price, with tools for scaling, dimensioning, and producing material takeoffs from PDF drawings. Much of what you’d use Acrobat for in a more typical office environment are absent or limited, though.
Adobe acrobat is THE PDF editor. PDF is a proprietary format created and developed by Adobe. Any software that can edit PDFs is doing so in a format they do not have any control over. And there just aren't any proper PDF editors that are feature complete. now if you're an individual who needs to make a PDF in the privacy of your own home, by all means, use a cheap or free or FOSS application to do so. But if you need that PDF to be readable and useable and seamlessly compatible on other computers for other users for ever? Better pay the Adobe tax because there is a good chance, it won't look the way you expect it to when someone opens it up in Adobe which their company definitely has.
I'm not sure this true - PDF is an open standard. The issue isn't generally with layout and reproducibility - a good PDF maker and a good reader will give you an accurate representation of how it looks on all devices once the PDF is created.
Certainly there isn't a dedicated FOSS tool for make PDFs; Libre Office and Inkscape do a decent job but not perfect which may be what you're referring to. And they're not dedicated PDF makers plus the real problem is building fillable forms and signature tools.
But there is a proprietary alternative called Master PDF that is a dedicated and supports all the PDF standard features I believe; one perpetual license is $80 compared to Adobe subscription based charging. I'm not aware of other options myself but they may exist. But it's a viable alternative to the "adobe tax".
Also of course if you have Office 365 from Microsoft, you can use Word to export docs to PDF reliably (in my experience). Obviously as far as you can get from FOSS, but it is an option on Linux via web browser if you have it from work for example; at least you don't have to pay Adobe but it's scraping the bottom of the barrel for this threat I know!
There are a few other PDF editors that are cheaper, but they don’t have the same features. PDF seems like something that has outlived its purpose. There has to be other document formats that provide a similar or better experience and prevents alteration.
Building off of this, the PDF standard supports all sorts of craziness. It can have embedded math and logic similar to excel files, to the point there's templates available for banks which will automatically calculate entire loans (including weird ones like balloon mortgages and variable interest rate stuff) without leaving Adobe Reader, and the recent Doom PDF and Linux PDF projects exploit the fact that pdfs support embedded javascript.
There's also an actual market for enterprise PDF templates like the banking ones I described with automatic calculations and whatnot. So some people literally make their living selling PDFs to businesses that businesses actually use
it won’t look the way you expect it to when someone opens it up in Adobe which their company definitely has.
That sounds like a problem between them and Adobe tbh
I don't know how it stacks up price-wise, but I'd argue Bluebeam is a far superior PDF editing program. It even covers some word processing, Illustrator, and some PowerPoint adjacent things.
That being said, I can't see it as practical for the average consumer.
How does Sumatra fall into all of this? It’s an open source version
not true. dont oay adobe so more pdfs will look like the user intended. dont fall adobe scams like weird functions that should be in a pdf anyways. pdfs created with masterpdfeditor look exactly as intended. so, again: no, adobe is a scam. always has been.
In Acrobat I can go into print preview and see what my file will print like using only black and a spot color ink, I can auto-convert RGB images to CMYK, and it has a pretty robust set of accessibility features so the visually impaired can read it.
It's for professionals.
Or if you have to use Adobe products, at least have the decency not to pay for them.
Neat list, but imo photoshop is closer to being called a photomanipulation/image editor than photography. lightroom is the more dedicated photography software.
Also I wouldn't call paint.net an alternative to photoshop. I love paint.net but its a relatively simple image editor and its functionally limited even with plugins.
Yes, that was my first question: what about Photoshop as an image editor? What is a comparable replacement for that?
GIMP has been the photoshop alternative for many years now. It stands for gnu image manipulation program, and it is an image editor. The category is named a bit weird but the program listed is the right one.
Just a small thing, but as of the latest release Inkscape has a functioning live-trace tool
It was one of the biggest things keeping me using illustrator but I used inkscape's trace yesterday and it worked great
I've never used vector programs. What is a "live tracer"?
It's a tool that helps 'trace' a raster image into vector shapes and paths
it's useful for creating vector artwork from raster images - sometimes a logo or icon is only available in a poor resolution raster image, and so having an easy way to convert it into vector saves a ton of time.
I used it yesterday to create an SVG file for CNC plotting of a company logo. It would have taken me a few hours to hand-trace it myself
How much time have you put into Inkscape now? I'm hankering for some reviews from people who are also refugees from the Adobe ecosystem.
I don't use it regularly enough to weigh in comprehensively- I use it mostly for processing svg drawings created in other programs for cnc plotting, or for compiling svg drawings onto standardized layouts for sending to a printer
My only complaint with inkscape is that it's a bit slow with rendering complex shapes/canvases with many points, but otherwise it does everything I need from a vector program.
Does anybody have a similar list of alternatives but for the Autodesk Suite/Ecosystem? Some open source CAD and BIM programs, some FOSS modeling and rendering programs?
If you are looking for FOSS CAD, then FreeCAD 1.0 is about the only game in town. SolveSpace is fine for fairly simple uses but lacks all the advanced toys one might like. Nor has it been updated in 3 years now. Siemans SolidEdge has a free community edition, but it's Widows only. OnShape is is a popular alternative to Fusion, and is fully cloud based, but it is restricted like Fusion.
As an acolyte that wears the sackcloth and ashes of FreeCAD, there is a growing community of tutorials, (I highly recommend MangoJelly on youtube) for beginners to learn with. But the learning curve can be steep as you get past the basics. There is a FreeCAD community here, but it's small and not very active. Sadly the best place for answers remains on reddit.
I've spent the better half of six months trying to answer this question. (not continuously, just passively)
For some background, I used fusion 360 for a number of years, so I witnessed it turn to absolute shit, but that means parametric CADs are my cup of tea.
Here's my thoughts.
FreeCAD:
I tried this, but I'll admit I gave up quickly.
It doesn't feel like a complete solution. It feels like more and more tools have been tacked on without the realisation that people who haven't been using it for years are going to have even less of an idea of where to start.
I do want to come back and give it another shot, as it hit 1.0 recently.
Plasticity:
I was originally interested in it because if how easy it could be to model something. After having used it for a number of days, I agree that it's relatively intuitive to get something going, but it lacks the precise feeling of a parametric CAD. Don't get me wrong, you can be precise with it, but it feels something akin to a 3D paint and less like a CAD program.
I can imagine if you just want to do something small, it would be sufficient.
OpenSCAD:
I've been a programmer for 15+ years, and I expected to like this.
Sadly, if you lack a strong maths background, you'll find this difficult to master.
I'll be the first to admit my maths isn't as great as it used to be.
The beauty of a parametric CAD is that I don't need to know how to position everything exactly, I can just give it the constraints and it manages it for me.
With this, it felt like I kept on testing a value, measuring the resulting dimension that I was trying to go for, tweaking it again, rinse and repeat.
Didn't feel like I was programming, it felt like I was writing the 3D model itself with a DSL.
The lack of fillets and chamfers was also frustrating.
And this brings me to my current recommendation:
SolveSpace:
I've been using it for about a month now, and I've been happy with it.
It didn't take much to understand what it's trying to do.
It's completely parametric and I felt at home pretty quickly.
You can do fillets and chamfers easily, it just requires a bit of creative work.
Let me know if you have any other questions.
I'd be happy to answer them.
Try blender. I use it for CAD.
I'd be curious to hear your thoughts on the 1.0 of freecad.
I don't use CAD professionally, and even my hobby usage is less than it was, and it was only a dozen or two small projects.
I had never used freecad, always fusion 360. I've been away for awhile, and also switched to Linux in the meantime. I needed to make a simple object, and tried freecad 1.0, and I literally could not intuit how to begin. Not a single shape, I was so lost, it was very frustrating.
I tried onshape and got a bit further, but still don't like the corporate nature of it.
I'm not trying to slam freecad, I really want it to work, and when I have more time to sit down and study it, I want to try again. But in the meantime I went back to fusion 360 in a VM, which was very sluggish, but at least I knew where everything was.
Shout out to pdfgear.
Does almost all the pdf file manipulation anyone needs and it's free.
Just started using reaper, coming over from audition and it's so similar I didn't have to re-learn anything.
REAPER rules. I started on ProTools in 2010. Ditched it for Reaper in 2012 and never looked back. Best $60 I ever spent. I've gladly bought multiple licenses for my devices over the years.
REAPER is absolutely one of the best pieces of software out there. I've been using it too since maybe 2009, though not so much in the last few years (not moved to an alternative, I'm just not doing so much audio these days).
I love the business model, the development cycle, etc. and even though it's not open source it kinda has a similar community feeling. Every bit as feature-filled and capable as any of the industry standards.
Dreamweaver is still used? I used it a bit back in the day when Macromedia was around and shortly after Adobe got a hold of it. How does it work with the modern web? Does it work well with modern programming languages or is it still just a WYSIWYG HTML editor?
I am surprised that its actually still a product they sell and seemingly update. Looking on their product page, wow it has git support - it can be yours for $22.99/month too!
(That will also require you to give your soul to them too, via a contract signed in blood)
Adobe's prices are outrageous.
Holy shit $23/mo and they won’t even host the website for you?
I used it briefly in a class around 2015ish. It worked about as well as any Adobe software does, but honestly it was really difficult to use and quite frankly it probably would take just as long to learn the HTML and CSS skills necessary to make a decent website as it would to learn how to make one in Dreamweaver
GIMP is unfortunately not a good competitor, the UX/UI is atrocious, and that's after spending 25 years using it now.. I switched to Krita for most things at this point. GIMP needs some sort of revamp.
Like maybe a GIMP 3.0?
I see two new features that look fantastic, but the rest of the UI seems likely unchanged. I'll definitely give it a shot though.
Seriously, gimp is barely usable for anything, they need to put the damn thing our of our misery.
And it spawned gtk, which is yet another monument to software masochism.
Will give krita a shot, this shouldn't be that hard.
I keep hearing this but having never really used Photoshop myself. What are all the missing features?
I'm not a professional but there hasn't been anything that I wanted to do in GIMP that I couldn't do because of its limitations and with GIMP 3.0 having non destructive editing I have no complaints other than the sometimes janky UI.
But that's what makes GIMP special. There's some users who feel that Photoshop has stopped being relevant for some uses among those users. GIMP may be a decade behind but it could be swimming in what people remembered best about Photoshop before its enshittification and retains that kind of nature.
What is the closest thing to PS in terms of features?
What's the Audacity/Tenacity deal?
A few years back Audacity got acquired by a commercial entity. They then proceeded to cause some controversy regarding user privacy.
I think they walked back some of them, and changed the installer to allow disabling the data collection; but by that time, a few forks have started popping up. Tenacity seems to be what many people eventually settle on.
God out of all the software I've used over the years, to see Audacity go to hell like that is sad. I was not expecting that. And to think once upon a time, i replaced a little program called Cooledit Pro (which was bought by Adobe if I recall), with Audacity.
Enshitification by owners of Audacity including telemetry. They eventually backed down, but that was after Tenacity forked off it and people started using and improving it.
Apparently Audacity has been bougth by a company which subsequently did crap with it. https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/s9isqj/help_tenacity_a_fork_of_audacity_after_its/
Not sure how good Tenacity currently is
the trademark got bought. it's still FLOSS, and they pledged to keep it that way, for whatever that's worth. code can't be retroactively un-gpled, so if they did decide to close it down they couldn't just take it offline, only do new development in private. the big fishy thing was that they added a CLA to their repo, which only affects developers. as an end-user you're fine.
also, the "crap" was a draft proposal of opt-in telemetry, which was subsequently scrapped. the company in question is based in the EU, anyway, so they would have to abide by the gdpr for any collected information.
The Affinity Suite is so worth it. Pay a single time and get all the apps on all major OSes instead of the stupid subscription bullshit Adobe tries to lock you into.
Also udemy has some fantastic courses to learn the whole suite, each can be purchased for lifetime access for $10-15 USD. The instructors I bought from are still actively updating their courses and I get all the new stuff, even though I bought when AD was still on v1.3.
If you're looking to learn it's a really affordable way to do it.
They got bought out by Canva though, so I'm sure the enshittification will follow. Such a shame.
No open source Flash alternatives? Disappointing.
It's called HTML5.
"An" (Animate) is the continuation of flash, is it not?
Its the iphones fault.
Blender isn‘t flash but it‘s one of the best 2D animation programs out there and used by major studios.
Libre Office Draw is another Ai alternative
A newer alternative to After Effects: https://pikimov.com/
It's still got a ways to go, but it's off to a good start.
Very interesting! Will check out
Kinda hilarious that anyone uses Premiere Pro when Resolve is better, and free (with very optional features locked behind 1-time paywall). David Manning had a revelation and made a video about this recently. As did PewDiePie.
is the image not loading only for me?
It loads for me on voyager, but is unreadable.
I don't know what those two letters mean. I wish they had written out the name. I've avoided buying Adobe stuff because it's stupidly expensive, but I'm still aware that in some industries, some of these have been industry standards at one point or another. Being able to tell wtf their names are, or even what they do would be helpful.
Some are easy, I'll share the ones I know
Ps = Photoshop
Id = InDesign
Pr = Premiere
Ae = After Effects
Dw = Dreamweaver
I don't know what Xd stands for, because everyone just calls is Xd but it is UI/UX design like figma and sketch. Ai is confusing but they use it for (Adobe) Illustrator, possible they thought Il
would be more confusing
Countering Animator with Blender, that's brutal. For at least some stuff Blender is also the better Illustrator.
I’m no layout expert, but I did do some desktop publishing about 15 years ago 10 min in Scribus had me tearing my hair out. Installed InDesign and, while it’s still not easy to catch up on the modern capabilities, it was worlds ahead.
GIMP is just fine for casuals. It’s not close for professionals.
Truthfully I think that one major issue with open source programs that don’t have corporate involvement is that people who are great at code don’t always have the same skill in UI/UX. However, with support and a larger community, great things can happen. The barrier is getting that adoption level. If more people casually use the product and contribute financially or in code, it will help tremendously.
I used to do layouts for children’s books back around 2010. The company used pagemaker still. I tried scribus, and the books I did manage to finish produced pdfs not usable by the print shop. I ended up buying a copy of CS5.
Now I use affinity suite, I am still learning it all.
Scribus can't even attach links to text; just static overlays that don't move with the text.
Affinity Photo is an excellent Photoshop alternative. I switched a while ago and have used it for all of my major projects since.
Really nervous to get into that ecosystem after they were bought by the Canva crew
someone else may have already said this to you elsewhere, but as an affinity haver I more recently got an email from affinity indicating that to use the generative AI the user must manually allow it and activate it on their own account/program and but for how long that pro-choice statement lasts, I don't know.
I will never choose to install it on my affinity suite though.
The whole suite is great.
Sorry, there just are no alternatives to Photoshop, with Affinity Photo being the closest replacement nowadays, to the classical PS functions. Affinity Designer feels the same for Illustrator.
What about Krita? Not sure exactly what Adobe product it would be an alternative for though. I know a lot of what people use it for used to be done with Photoshop, but I think Photoshops core demographic is a slightly different use case. Also Inkscape as an Illustrator alternative?
For drawing/painting yeah, krita is comparable, especially if you set the presets to be similar to ps. I haven't tried krita with photo editing much though
Ive been using Sumatra for pdfs. It’s open source too.
See, my problem with these types of resources is if you have to list more than one thing per thing the landscape may not be there for a full replacement.
That's not a hard rule, I do think some of these are a better first choice, or a better-for-some applications first choice. I'm just often frustrated by the way these things are communicated.
if you have to list more than one thing per thing the landscape may not be there for a full replacement
And it would be even less if there had to be only one thing per thing.
One of the strengths of the FOSS metacommunity is the variety in designs and results. Big Corpo abuses economies of scale and locks you in with a "one shoe fits all solution" because they under the table also chisel and file your feet; FOSS has (largely) no such restrictions so they can afford to try things and see what results and, more importantly, what evolves. Not everything has to be a copy of corporate, and we shouldn't act as if it had to be.
Woof, I don't know if I can pick up what you're putting down.
Particularly for professional use nobody is trying to have fun and exciting new solutions for UI or functionality every week. Industry standards get to be industry standards for a reason. It's useful to be able to just go hire someone that knows how to work on the software platform you're working and your clients are working and your providers are working.
For casual home use, go nuts, I don't mind. And there is certainly room for multiple things to remain relevant at once, especially if the concepts are close enough that crossing over is trivial or easy.
But I don't need to edit video in seven different pieces of software, I need to get the video edited. And if I need three people editing video I need them all to be editing video in the same thing, or at least in things that are perfectly interoperable. Standards aren't a corporate imposition, even if corporations benefit greatly from lobbying themselves into becoming the standard.
Well, on the other hand, it's by far not always the case that the program one person is currently using is already the best choice for their use case. For example, in the process of degoogling, I've begun using a lot of programs that are actually better for me than the ones I previously used (e.g. Notesnook > Google notes). Of course there's friction/effort involved in finding the best replacement, but there's just no way around that if the goal is to get away from the defacto standards.
Sure. And I love finding better solutions, particularly when they're for a thing I do for my own sake.
But if you're a newspaper that is ingesting hundreds or thousands of pictures a day from dozens of photographers and having half a dozen people editing all that input into a database that a dozen composers and web editors are using at the same time sometimes janky but universally familiar is a lot more valuable than "better at this thing on interesting ways".
It doesn't mean you can't displace a clunky, comfortable king of the hill. Adobe itself used to be pretty good at doing just that. Premiere used to be the shitty alternative kids used because it was easy to pirate before it became THE editing software for online video. The new batch of kids are probably defaulting to Resolve these days, so that one feels wobbly. Other times you just create a new function that didn't exist and grow into space previously occupied by adjacent software, Canva-style.
But if you see a piece of industry-standard software with a list of twenty alternatives broken down by application, skill level or subsets of downsides the industry standard is probably not about to lose their spot in favor of any of those anytime soon.
I really like this layout, it's easy to read
Except the OSs in the lower compact section
And not defining the abbreviations.
Without the title of this post, it's probably easy for any non tech person to misunderstand this image as being a list of Adobe programs that spy on you, at least on first glance.
Thank you very much for this, I already use four programs out of those, time look into more 😉
This graphic is missing Bitwig in the AU section. Definitely worth mentioning since it runs on Linux/OS X/Win.
Adobe... Fucks people hard.
Affinity + BMD’s Davinci Resolve FTW. Best combo IMOO. I did the switch back in 2017 and never looked back. Worth the single low price and long term free upgrades. For acrobat replacement (basics only) Apple’s preview is flawless and Ubuntu 25.10 Pages looks promising. Looking for recommendations for Lightroom replacement. Apple’s pixelmator purchase looks promising but I don’t want subscription.
Wish there was a good FOSS Acrobat/Blue beam alternative.
I use those tools for the majority of my work as an engineer.
bluebeam is great
What happened to Audacity?
See other comments: Got bought up by some company and then enshittified.
I have no idea what any of those things really does and it's way too much to learn given how much GIMP and Krita do
Krita is not just good, I think the meta points it as the best drawing software in the market*
It's unreal how good Krita is. The small team behind it has accomplished something amazing.
I hate that there is not a good alternative to InDesign that works on linux.
If only the Affinity suit were to work on linux, even just with wine, I would be alright with the fact that it still is proprietary software. It was somehow able to replace my whole Ph/Ai/Id workflow but it is till keeping me from trying to switch to the penguin.
I've never used Photoshop but I have used Photopea and people tell me it's exactly the same: https://www.photopea.com/
I like it too, but it's like comparing a convenience store around the corner with the big box supermarket across town. Many similarities but it's much more limited. Do think it deserves more attention though, it works really well if you ask me.
lol. coreldraw is fucking terrible
Penpot?
I have no clue what most of these abbreviations refer to 😅
Draw from LO is pretty meh for a lot of things, but I use it a lot to edit pdfs, and it is very consistent
Are there any good alternatives as far as PDF creation goes? Creating fillable forms, not just editing? I have some users I can’t shake from Acrobat Pro.
Maybe it’s to only spy on Sony. They love pirating Adobe products; and hate when others pirate their stuff.
So happy to see my beloved Paint Tool Sai on here! 😃 Really good list. Didn't know there were so many alternatives
text. no seriously, pdfs are easy to create. reading vendor locked files aren't useful. reply with a shrug 🤷 i create most of mine with firefox print. used to generate them on the fly with php, for users to download.