Not cast iron, it's rolled steel but the trade name is black iron pipe. Cast iron is used only in drainage.
Not necessarily. There's many types of valves obviously, but the most common is W.O.G. (Water, Oil, Gas) used in domestic applications, meaning it can be used for either. Easiest way to tell is the material the rest of the piping is done in.
For example, this looks like 3/8" or 1/2" black iron pipe, meaning it would and should not be used for drinking water, so you could safely assume it's gas as there aren't that many different services running through a common household. You can always open it slightly and see what comes out.
All this being said, please for the love of all that is holy, do NOT install your own gas lines if you don't know what you're doing! It's not as simple as running water, gas has a lot more to consider when piping such as length of run, size of appliance(s), and their respective pressure requirements. Call someone with a gas ticket
The source is, he made it the fuck up
Tell me you didn't read the article, without telling me you didn't read the article.