Any type of game (sandbox, RTS, etc) where the landscape changes dynamically.
All games are either player vs player or player vs mobs or player vs game-mechanics-that-affect-your-stats. But I have never played a game where I have to consider a river overflowing and destroying a village, or an avalanche, or earthquakes.
Even when there are environmental hazards, the base map never changes. Rivers never change their course, islands don't appear or disappear, oceans don't dry up, dams don't burst, quarries aren't excavated.
The world and nature are always dead and static.
Edit:
Actually, Dwarf Fortress does tick those boxes quite often.
Check out Timberborn, it doesn't check all of your boxes but a lot of it revolves around water management - building dams and reservoirs, diverting rivers, surviving dry seasons, etc. At its core it's just a fun city building game and I highly recommend it if that sounds good to you. It's 20% off ok Steam right now too.