Every outdoor plant can be an indoor plant with enough effort
Peppers can be grown indoors, and the leaves are also edible.
You can grow microgreens, and other green, leafy vegetables with the right conditions: full-spectrum light, deep enough soil, and keeping the soil moist. Lettuce and cabbage are very easy to grow.
I have a Lamb's tail, Anredera cordifolia, growing in a fairly low-light spot in my living room. Much of the plant is edible, the flavour is reminiscent of spinach.
Tomatoes can be grown pretty successfully indoors. Also prickly pear.
In my hydroponics setup I grow a variety of salad greens. I've been slowly adding plants trying to find the right amount to where I can have a fresh salad every day without throwing away a ton of excess. It's a neat conversation piece and I enjoy having the option.
