Unlimited budget: Sony Xperia 1 V ($1400). Has almost anything you'd want. SD8G2, MicroSD slot, etc.
High budget: Asus Zenfone 9 ($700). Great compact phone with a headphone jack. Alternatively wait for the Zenfone 10 to come out as it's coming out this week.
Or even the Xperia 5 V ($1000), a slightly downgraded version of the 1 V.
Lower budget:
Sony Xperia 10 V ($450). Expensive for the specs but you get outstanding battery life, 25-50% more than any other phone on this list. And it's the only budget phone with a telephoto lens.
USA pick: Moto G Stylus 5G (2022). Can be picked up for $250 on Amazon and has excellent all-around specs for the price.
Europe/Asia picks:
Xiaomi Redmi Note 12 Pro+ ($350) if you want good cameras for the price. However the chipset might struggle with MIUI from time to time.
Xiaomi Poco X5 pro ($300). Good all-arounder at this price.
Xiaomi Poco F5 ($400). Best chipset out of all of these budget phones, at nearly flagship levels.
All I want in this whole world is a Zenphone 10 on Verizon. If literally any other carrier worked at my house (rural dead zone) I'd jump ship in a heartbeat.
My zenfone 8 is solid, but has high treble when listening on max on my headphone and Planar IEM. I would not necesserily recommend builtin jacks. If you can choose a lot cheaper device for lack of a jack, you can get a fucking great bluetooth adapter and a very good IEM from the difference.
Apart from that, I recommend Gigaset/Volla and Fairphone since they are servicable and have removable batteries.
They make USB-C to headphone adapters that also have a USB-C for charging in case you need both art the same time. I hated losing my headphone jack, but the adapters work.