In my city, it's been normal to wear a mask when outdoors (especially when driving a motorcycle) for something like 5 years as air pollution worsened. It doesn't help that much, but it's a bit better than nothing.
Ho Chi Minh City. I immigrated here a bit over 10 years ago. Air pollution is a relatively new issue here. 5 years ago it's was not so bad, but there are more cars now. In Ha Noi it's typically worse. Both places have less air pollution than say, Beijing, but it's still not exactly fun during my daily commute.
I plan to move to the countryside when I can afford to, I have some minor respiratory problems that make the air pollution rather unpleasant.