If your knees are hurting, your running technique is likely wrong. I know a lot of people start off running heel to toe, which is backwards and puts a ton of stress on your knees.
For those who don't know, you're supposed to land on the ball of your foot, which basically turns your lower legs into a shock absorber for your knees.
Others have given good advice, for me making sure I had the right shoes and the right gate when I ran was important but also stretching well before hand, there's YouTube videos that'll show you proper stretches for running.
But the biggest thing was sticking with it, for me it took about 2 months of running/walking for my body to adjust to the impact and then I was fine. And don't overdue it, give your legs time to heal between runs.
Besides working on your form and making sure you have good shoes for your feet, as other ls have mentioned, I have another suggestion. Unfortunately, it is one that sucks to hear - you may need to decrease your distance, or at least hold your distance flat for a while. Often people are able to build cardio ability faster than their joints/tendons/muscles can adapt. Because of that, the general wisdom is that you need to increase distance slowly. Which, again, sucks when you are measuring your success by distance.
If it feels ok on your knees (and everything else), you should work on speed for a little while, which gives you a different goal to work toward while distance is on pause. There are lots of guides out there on speedwork.
And cross train - bike, swim, strength training…
As a last note: please for the love of god, don’t try to run through injures. A little discomfort is one thing, but if something starts to hurt or you feel sharp pain when running, stop. It took me way too many times to learn that lesson. Injuries are a guarantee in running (if you do it long-term). So learning to manage injuries is key.
I did a lot of lower body work before starting up (various weighted squats, etc) and I think it has helped. My shins are still on fire 🔥🔥🔥 especially for the first few minutes, but after a while you go a bit numb to it.
Are you able to get into physio? They could take a whole holistic look at your knee pain and come up with a plan
Awesome to see progress charted like this. Years ago I decided to tackle a Couch to 5k program. At the start of it I genuinely could not run 2 minutes without being winded. After a few months, I was able to get first place in my age category in a very small charity run. It's silly, but I'm very proud of it. I stopped running a while back but I really should try to get back into it this spring.