Every nation with currency sovereignty manipulates its currency. The Federal Reserve itself is constantly going on about the things it's doing to change the value of the dollar and trying to address trade deficits! Yet if someone else does it it's "unfair"
Also, how the fuck is Germany on the list? They're on the Euro! They can't even control their own currency! What manipulation?
This is literally just a list of countries that are doing well and America is mad about it.
Every nation with currency sovereignty manipulates its currency.
Add to that. Citizens / voters blame politicians when a currency is low relative to others. While those same politicians claim responsibility for improvements.
A country would meet all three if it had a trade surplus with the United States of at least $15 billion, a current account surplus of at least 3 percent of gross domestic product, and if it had engaged in persistent, one-sided intervention in foreign exchange markets.
Being on the list isn’t a bad thing. You only have to have two of the three things listed in order to be on the list and any of our major trading partners would automatically be on it. It’s simply a mechanism for the US government to have reports on other economies it does business with.