Don't put a fast charger for overnight charge. It degrades the battery. I got my charger hooked up to my server's usb port and it's able to charge a 10000mha battery overnight at nearly 100% from low percents.
"Further, many phones are now programmed to shut off power once the battery is full, even if it remains plugged in."
Quoting the article they linked for you. Since you seem to have either missed this important bit or are being pedantic. Unless your phone is 10 years old, it won't.
Battery degradation is caused by extreme temperatures right? There is no way a fast charger will make your phone warm enough to cause any meaningful damage. (80% confidence)
Extreme temperatures AND high C (coulomb) rates. Not really a problem on most smart phones. But you'd have to charge from 0-100% in under 20 minutes (above 3 coulomb) for that to become a real problem