All digital cameras record a bunch of data fields into the metadata of the pictures they take. Make and model of the camera, date/time, etc.
I believe what your asking for though is custom fields. The tech already exists in the hardware, the manufacturer would just need to provide a way to set them.
Lol. Whenever I send photos and videos, I make sure to delete metadata for privacy reasons. Sometimes it will show location, exact device, owner information, and other stuff I don't want other people to know.
I mean in the image data not the metadata, obviously you can encode data into an image in exif but from the sounds of this article I got the sense it was more about detecting pixel fucking which suggests it can encode more data outside the header