"The location of the spacecraft in its orbit is roughly two times the altitude of the International Space Station. If you were looking at the sail from above..."
Gotta level with you nasa, for most of us we're going to be looking at things at that altitude from BELOW.
If photon hitting a surface can impart momentum, does generating photons also impart momentum? Like, if you put a solar powered laser pointer in space, would it move?
Yes, but that would be a lot less efficient. With a dielectric mirror you can get easily 99.9% of the maximum momentum gain from the light, while with a solar powered laser you would get for the emission the compounded efficiency of the solar panel + storage + laser, so way below 10%. So you would gain around 10 times more impulse from your solar panel absorbing light than from the actual laser.
The final momentum gain is a bit different as the maximum you can gain from a photon is double its momentum (because you can reflect it back with opposite direction).
Sure, but it would be less efficient than a sail, and since the incoming radiation would impart inertia on the solar panels, you would still be limited on where you could steer.