What
It's making fun of dynamic languages because rather than letting the compiler prove theorems about statically typed code, they... don't.
What
Though even statically-typed languages can need to check types sometimes; parsing runtime data for instance. I can see how you'd do that with pure statics, but it'd just be shifting the work (e.g.
if token == QUOTE: proc.call(read_str(bytes, len))). It'd be cool to see a counter example that isn't unreadable gibberish, however.
This is referencing Philip Wadler's 1989 paper "Theorems for Free", which is fairly well known in the Haskell community: https://home.ttic.edu/~dreyer/course/papers/wadler.pdf
That looks like something I've seen somewhere and didn't understand.
🎵 Millions of theorems,
Theorems for free.
Millions of theorems,
Theorems for me, look out! 🎵
I’m sorry, I’m only a novice Python guy. Know enough to get two RESTful APIs to talk to each other and do some network automation or rudimentary Ansible plugins.
What’s wrong with
if isinstance(x, str):?Apparently, "Theorems for free!" is a paper that talks about an extensive ability to reason about parts of programs, if you follow some rather basic rules.
However, lots of popular programming languages throw this ability out the window, because they do not want to enforce those basic rules.
Most languages, for example, allow for rather uncontrolled side effects and to be able to reason as a programmer, you have to make the assumption that no one else abused side effects.The
instanceofis rather referring to dynamic typing, though, as e.g. employed by Python and JS, which makes it difficult to make any assumptions at all.So, in statically typed languages, when you're implementing a function, you can declare that a given parameter is a number or a string etc. and the compiler will enforce that for you. In dynamically typed languages, you have to assume that anyone calling your function is using it correctly, which is a difficult assumption to make after a refactoring in a larger codebase.
All in all, such different levels of rigorosity can be fine, but the larger your codebase grows, the more you do want such rules to be enforced, so you can just ignore the rest of the codebase.
Okay, but what's a theoren?
It may or may not be a string.
This is referencing Philip Wadler's 1989 paper "Theorems for Free", which is fairly well known in the Haskell community: https://home.ttic.edu/~dreyer/course/papers/wadler.pdf
Op here back from the dead. This is in fact not a stab at dynamically typed languages, or at least not only: statically typed languages such as Java also support this kind of construct. In fact, one could develop a technically type safe programming language where an
instanceofconstruct has sound semantics.What
instanceofbreaks is something called polymorphic parametricity, i.e. the fact that generic functions don't know anything specific about the types they are generic over. This is the fundamental condition for what in the community is dubbed "theorems for free", that is, naturality of generic functions between generic types.
