Those metal shutters, that black out the whole room? They have those in Portugal, Spain, most of the mid-southwest Mediterranean. France also. But they're basically ubiquitous in Portugal. Pretty nifty actually.
Edit: This was driving me nuts, sorry, but I couldn't find a single good image of what I mean. Here's the best I could make the robot monkey do (YMMV):
It sounds like you're describing "Persianas" – a term used in Portugal (and other Spanish or Portuguese-speaking countries) for a specific type of heavy-duty indoor blinds or shutters. These are not the thin metal or fabric blinds but rather thick, often horizontal slats that can be rolled down to cover windows or doors completely, providing excellent light blockage and insulation.
Funnily enough we call the small thin ones in the picture I posted "Persienner".
They don't provide any significant insulation but they can also cover the whole window and block light pretty well. Not perfectly, but good enough for most applications.
If they aren't enough for you, you can have specific black out curtains that either roll down or slide in front of the window. I suspect black out curtains exist literally everywhere. I am just mentioning it for completeness sake.
I suspect black out curtains are especially common where they get sun 24/7 during the summer.
The worse part is now they’re built cheaply so the screen is only the bottom half. You can still open the top, or from both top and bottom for convection, but now you get bugs
Windows are the kind of thing that are generally built locally for multiple reasons. So your experience will vary greatly based on what the window factory in your area is doing.
Where I live, single hung windows (only one sash) are most common, so only one screen is needed. Double hung windows are less common because people don't want to pay for the expense of the additional sash (a lot of springs and mechanisms needed for a sash). A screen is an expense too, but nowhere near the expense of an additional shaft. Possibly the intent was to allow for opening the top to making cleaning easier, but that's usually accomplished by having the top "fixed" portion of the single hung window be able to tilt out because putting all the springs and mechanisms for an additional sash for a feature to make it easier to clean isn't necessary.
Yeah... I worked at a window factory before. The calculations needed to figure out the tension needed on the springs so that it will counter the weight of the sash was fun.
That window design looks like it would never seal properly.
Here in Germany any window from the last 30 years or more will not let any air in when its fully closed.
And how is it sealed on the sides and the top?
European casement windows actually get pulled into the frame (and seals) all around the frame by rollers which move sideways along sloped ridges when you move the hinge to the closed position.
But will there still be air coming through when there is wind pushing on that side of the house?
I guess they are kind of complicated, but energy efficient windows make it possible to increase the window area and size without losing too much heat.
Energy is also more expensive over here, which probably helps in that decision, as the cost of these windows can be easily recouped in a few years just by needing less energy to heat the house.
It seals. There's a small recess underneath the window lined with weather stripping that when pressure is applied from closing the window and even locking it, it becomes air tight.
Double hung windows don't seal quite as well as casement windows, but honestly, unless you're going to the absolute best energy efficiency possible, like a net-zero house, then it's really not a big difference. Any halfway decent quality, properly installed window won't have any noticeable drafts. Plus, as others have mentioned, double hung windows are far cheaper than casement.
You don't even really have a good look at where the window meets the sill. This is like claiming a car could never reach a certain MPH just from looking at a picture.