Delta T is the difference between concrete wall vs those crash rails and water tanks allowing you down slowly. It's not that bad to slow down from 0.1c if you do it over the course of a few centuries
Means final velocity equals initial velocity plus the product of acceleration and time of acceleration.
F = m(ΔV / ΔT)
or F = ma
The second equation is much simpler and means force is equal to the product of mass and acceleration.
This can basically be broken down to be "it's not the speed that kills you, it's the sudden deceleration" which is usually attributed to Eddie Rickenbacker who was an American WWI pilot.
"It's not the speed that kills you, it's the sudden stop" - Eddie Rickenbacker
It was also famously paraphrased by Jeremy Clarkson:
“Speed has never killed anyone. Suddenly becoming stationary, that's what gets you.” - Jeremy Clarkson, Top Gear