Is there any animal, closely related to humans that a human can breed with?
Ok, I am not supporting bestiality here. But, I just came to know about a Dogxim, a dog fox hybrid and I had known for a long time that horses and donkeys can breed (to produce a mule). So, I was just curious, can humans breed with any other animals closely related to us?
Homo sapiens are the last remaining species of hominina. Our closest remaining relatives, the Pan (chimpanzees and bonobos) diverged at least 6.5 million years ago. Though there is some evidence early hominina may have interbred with pan after the divergence as recently as 4 mya.
This is more recent than dogs and foxes by a long way, and about the same as donkeys and horses. That, plus chromosomal analysis and some other research suggests it could be possible for a human and chimp or bonobo to interbreed, though likely not create fertile offspring. However, there has never been a confirmed case of this occurring, despite multiple claims.
No, not since Neanderthals, Denisovians and friends went extinct.
Even Neanderthals are a bit of a partial case, since the hybrid males were mostly sterile. We know this from the pattern that Neanderthal genes appear in modern DNA.
There were multiple attempts to cross humans and chimpanzees, all of which failed. However, through gene editing, human-chimpanzee and human-pig chimeras were created.
These are just normal animals, but their inner organs are made to be compatible for human organ donation.
Conventional prehistory says there used to be animals we could interbreed with, but that we in fact bred with them so much that the hybrids replaced the creatures made to get said hybrid.
These replaced peoples were, of course, designated members of the homo genus, which Homo Sapiens (the scientific name for humans) gets its name from, and they include things such as (using their common names, not their scientific names) Neanderthals (geographically found in Southern Europe), Denisovans (found mostly to the West, towards Asia), and Hobbits (yes, hobbits, they were found in the Pacific). Nothing of note happened in America.
The Neanderthals and the Denisovans are of particular note, as their territories overlapped commonly, and there are cave findings that show they themselves interbred with each other and produced perfectly functioning offspring. I can only hope when they were engaging in the act, they asked to mingle and ended it with "no homo".
There are, however, reports that, at the same time in prehistory, we did try to breed with other animals that haven't been replaced, typically the great apes, as evidenced by lice samples found in both us and them, but that this, quite expectedly, didn't lead to any hybrid outcomes.
Female orangutan named Pony was used as a prostitute for years. She was chained to a bed, shaved every other day leaving her with irritated, itchy, sore-covered skin. They also put make-up, perfume and jewellery on her, and taught her to perform sex acts. The local community didn't want to let her go because she was generating great revenue. In the end it took 35 armed police officers to rescue her.
Breed with? No, not since we out-bred and out-competed Neandertals. And Denisovans. And at least one other ancestral human subspecies in sub-Saharan Africa. So at least 3 ancient homo sapiens subspecies that we used to interbreed with, but none left now.
I assume closely related hominids which are now extinct. Neanderthal DNA is present in current human strains, which means they didn't even speciate (though potentially successful gestation was rarer).
Why am I writing like an alien nerd observing humans?
As other commenters point out, not since the extinctionof Neanderthals, Denisovans, etc.
But even if it were possible, the hybrid would not be fertile: our chromosome 2 is a fusion of two chromosomes that are separate in other related species, so there's no way meiotic crossover recombination could possibly work.
The biological definition of a species is “a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring” (in other words, the offspring need to also be able to reproduce; there are instances, such as mules, where two species reproduce but the offspring cannot themselves reproduce)